This section will focus on legislation that governs the release of toxins and waste into our environment. Toxins and waste, and, in particular hazardous waste, are ugly by-products of industrial, agricultural, and other urban processes, such as manufacturing and oil and gas extraction.  The regulation of toxins and waste in Alberta relies on both federal and provincial legislation. Determining when the law of either the federal or provincial government (or both) is in effect depends primarily on an understanding of the constitutional division of powers. We will explain both levels of legislation in this section.